Simulation of potential and species distribution in a Li<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg" display="inline" id="d1e892"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mo>|</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>Bi liquid metal battery using coupled meshes

In this work a 1D finite volume based model using coupled meshes is introduced to capture potential and species distribution throughout the discharge process in lithium–bismuth liquid metal battery while neglecting hydrodynamic effects, focusing on electrochemical properties of cell mass transport electrolyte cathode. Interface reactions electrical double layer are considered through introduction discrete jump modelled as periodic boundary condition resolve interfacial discontinuities potential. A balanced-force like approach implemented ensure consistent calculation at interface level. It found that concentration gradients have significant effect overpotentials thus performance voltage. By quantifying overvoltages Li||Bi with mixed cation electrolyte, it possible show diffusion migration current density could counteractive effects Furthermore, simulated limiting observed be much lower than experimentally measured, which can attributed convective need addressed future simulations. The solver open source library OpenFOAM thoroughly verified against equivalent system COMSOL multiphysics further validated experimental results.